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Major League Soccer owners
Major League Soccer owners own a share in the league and have the right to operate a team. Major League Soccer operates under a single-entity structure in which teams and player contracts are centrally owned by the league.〔("Red Bull Is New Owner, and Name, of MetroStars" ), New York Times, March 10, 2006.〕〔("Roundtable: Is MLS Single Entity Here To Stay?" ), SB Nation, February 28, 2014. Retrieved June 4, 2014.〕〔("Dempsey Transfer Highlights Influence of MLS Single-Entity Economic Structure" ), Business of Soccer, August 26, 2013. Retrieved June 4, 2014. ("Under MLS’s current structure, MLS owns all teams in the league but contracts with operator-investors (more frequently referred to in conversations as team “owners”) who manage teams and are entitled to certain potential benefits from running the teams. That is, the team “owners” in MLS, including AEG, the Kraft family, and others, are really operator-investors in MLS’s structure.")〕 Each Major League Soccer team has an investor-operator that is a shareholder in the league. In order to control costs, the league shares revenues and holds players contracts instead of players contracting with individual teams.
The league has 17 investor-operators for its 19 clubs. AEG is the only organization with an ownership interest in multiple teams — AEG owns the LA Galaxy and retains a 50% interest in the Houston Dynamo. Lamar Hunt used to use multiple teams, but now Hunt Sports owns only one team (FC Dallas). Two of the league's teams are owned, at least in part, by a foreigner — Austrian Dietrich Mateschitz (New York Red Bulls), and Indonesian Erick Thohir (D.C. United).〔 Chivas USA has been owned by the league since February 20, 2014.
==History==
Having multiple clubs owned by a single owner was a necessity in the league's first ten years.〔 At one time Phil Anschutz's AEG owned six MLS clubs in MLS, and Lamar Hunt's Hunt Sports owned three franchises. In order to attract additional investors, in 2002 the league announced changes to the operating agreement between the league and its teams to improve team revenues and increase the incentives to be an individual club owner.〔Sports Illustrated, ("Garber, Horowitz discuss MLS contraction" ), January 9, 2002.〕 These changes included granting owners the rights to a certain number of players they develop through their club's academy system each year, sharing the profits of Soccer United Marketing, and being able to sell individual club jersey sponsorships.〔
As MLS appeared to be on the brink of overall profitability in 2006 and developed significant expansion plans, MLS announced that it wanted each club to have a distinct owner.〔Sports Business Daily, ("MLS’ Don Garber Talks State Of The League With The Daily" ), April 5, 2007.〕 The league has attracted new ownership that have injected more money into the league.〔Forbes, ("Major League Soccer's Billionaire Owners" ), November 20, 2013.〕 Examples include Red Bull's purchase of the MetroStars from AEG in 2006 for over $100 million.〔Los Angeles Times, ("MLS Looks Way Down the Field" ), March 29, 2006.〕〔New York Times, ("Red Bull Is New Owner, and Name, of MetroStars" ), March 10, 2006.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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